Luke's name does not appear in Acts or Luke
Luke's name is attached to the Gospel of Luke in the earliest manuscripts.
Luke 1:1-4 and Acts 1:1 are both addressed to Theophilus
Luke 1:1-4
Inasmuch as many have undertaken to compile a narrative of the things that have been accomplished among us, just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word have delivered them to us, it seemed good to me also, having followed all things closely for some time past, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, that you may have certainty concerning the things you have been taught.
Acts 1:1
In the first book, O Theophilus, I have dealt with all that Jesus began to do and teach...
Early church fathers attribute Acts to Luke
By process of elimination - Acts mentions every other possible candidate in the third person
Companion of Paul
Philemon 24, "and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers."
Physician
Colossians 4:14, "Luke the beloved physician greets you, as does Demas."
Gentile
Colossians 4:10-11, "Aristarchus my fellow prisoner greets you, and Mark the cousin of Barnabas (concerning whom you have received instructions—if he comes to you, welcome him), and Jesus who is called Justus. These are the only men of the circumcision among my fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me."
Author of Gospel of Luke
Before AD 70 - temple was still standing
Before Paul was martyred - AD 68
No indication of Jewish war (AD 66) or Nero's persecution (AD 64)
James, brother of Jesus still alive (AD 62)
After gentiles started coming the faith (AD 54)
Paul came to Rome AD 60
Acts mentions he was there 2 years (Acts 28:30)
AD 61 - 62 is likely date, while Paul was in prison at Rome.
Theophilus - lover of God
Likely a greek and person of rank (most excellent)
Possibly any greek who loved God.
Perhaps legal brief in defense of Paul.
To us.
History - records the first 30 years of the Christian church.
Spiritual - confirms the faith of Theophilus
Legal - explains Paul's journeys, not a traitor to Rome
Polemical - Paul not an apostate from Judaism.
Ecclesiastical - unity of Church in doctrine of Apostles.
Missional - provides an accurate account of the early church
Apologetical - God authenticated early church through miracles
John 14:12
Truly, truly, I say to you, whoever believes in me will also do the works that I do; and greater works than these will he do, because I am going to the Father.
Matthew 16 :18
And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.
Palm 110:1
The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”
We see this start in Acts 1:9
This verse is quoted in Acts 2:34-36
We see Jesus beginning to make his enemies his footstool
Part of Solomon's throne - 2 Chronicles 9:18
Temple - 1 Chronicles 28:2, Psalm 99:5, Psalm 132:7
Earth - Isaiah 66:1
Israel - Lamentations 2:1
Acts 1:8
But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you (2:1-4), and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea (2:5-8:3) and Samaria (8:4-25), and to the end of the earth. (8:26-28:31)
Gospels | Epistles |
---|---|
deeds | doctrine |
information | interpretation |
evangelization | edification |
pattern of the church | policy for the church |
A letter written by an apostle or a close associate of an apostle.
Missionary letters - written to encourage church growth.
Encourage the church to continue in the faith.
Intended for a wide audience.
Author
Secretary
Carrier
Recipient
Salutation & Greeting
While epistles are unique to the New Testament, like other Biblical writings they were inspired by God and intended for the edification of his church.
Peter had letters of Paul that he considered scripture
2 Peter 3:15-16
And count the patience of our Lord as salvation, just as our beloved brother Paul also wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, as he does in all his letters when he speaks in them of these matters. There are some things in them that are hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other Scriptures.
Paul considered all scripture inspired by God
2 Timothy 3:16
All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness...
The epistles will generally address both doctrinal issues and pratical application of God's work to all of life. Often they will start with doctrine and conclude with application. Some epistles are almost divided in the middle with doctrine vs application.
The epistles were addressed to real churches in real cities that the apostles or others believers had reached with the gospel.
Romans (3:24) - Redemption in Christ
1 Corinthians (1:2) - Sanctification in Christ
2 Corinthians (2:14) - Jubilation in Christ
Galatians (2:4) - Emancipation in Christ
Ephesians (1:3) - Exaltation in Christ
Philippians (1:26) - Exultation in Christ
Colossians (1:28) - Completion in Christ
1 Thessalonians (1:3) - Expectation in Christ
2 Thessalonians (1:12) - Glorification in Christ
1 Timothy (1:14) - Faithfulness in Christ
2 Timothy (1:13) - Steadfastness in Christ
Titus (1:9) - Soundness in Christ
Philemon (6) - Benefaction in Christ
1 & 2 Thessalonians - second missionary journey
Galatians, 1 & 2 Corinthians, Romans - third missionary journey
Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, and Philippians - first imprisonment
1 Timothy, Titus (between imprisonments), 2 Timothy (second imprisonment)
Decade | Book | Place | Date |
---|---|---|---|
AD 40s | Galatians | Antioch | 48 (or 55) |
AD 50s | 1 Thessalonians | Corinth | 50-51 |
2 Thessalonians | Corinth | 50-51 | |
1 Corinthians | Ephesus | 55-56 | |
Galatians | Ephesus | 55 (or 48) | |
2 Corinthians | Macedonia | 55-56 | |
Romans | Corinth | 57 |
Decade | Book | Place | Date |
---|---|---|---|
AD 60s | Ephesians | Rome | 60 |
Colossians | Rome | 60 | |
Philemon | Rome | 60 | |
Philippians | Rome | 61-62 | |
1 Timothy | Macedonia? | 64-66 | |
Titus | Macedonia? | 64-66 | |
2 Timothy | Macedonia? | 67 |
Book | Theme | Date |
---|---|---|
Hebrews | Maturity in Christ | 64-69 AD |
James | Wisdom in Christ | 47-48 AD or 60-62 |
1 Peter | Submission to Christ | 64 AD |
2 Peter | Purification in Christ | 66 AD |
Book | Theme | Date |
---|---|---|
1 John | Communion in Christ | 90-95 AD |
2 John | Continuation in Christ | 90-95 AD |
3 John | Contribution for Christ | 90-95 AD |
Jude | Contention for Christ | 68-69 AD |
Revelation | Consummation in Christ | 68-69 AD or 90-95 AD |